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Vol. 1, No. 1 | Dec 2008
Haptic Times

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Research: Touchscreen Smartphones Get Smarter

Eve Hoggan, Stephen A. Brewster, and Jody Johnston: Investigating the Effectiveness of Tactile Feedback for Mobile Touchscreens

For annotated publication of your haptics research in this newsletter and its dissemination to commercial designers, please write to Haptic Times at research@immersion.com

This smartphone study compared use of a mechanical keyboard (Palm Treo 750) to use of touchscreens both with and without haptic feedback (Samsung i718). Twelve subjects entered short, memorized text messages in the three devices, both in a laboratory and while riding on a subway train.

The virtual keypad was designed to be of similar size as the mechanical keypad. In the haptic-enabled touchscreen, feedback was used to

  1. Identify home keys (F and J)
  2. Confirm button presses
  3. Signal fingertip slip or finger off-center on virtual buttons

Metrics were collected for accuracy (correctly entered letters) and the time to enter the phrase. NASA TLX task loading questionnaires were also completed.

The final results showed that the device with the mechanical keyboard had the highest performance, while the non-haptic touchscreen had the lowest performance. With haptic feedback, user performance improved both in accuracy and time to enter the phrase. In the subway environment, users were approximately 22% more accurate and 19% faster with the haptic-enabled touchscreens.

Measure Device Lab

Subway

Accuracy Palm
88.3%
89.6%
i718 w/haptics
82.7%
80.0%
i718 no haptics
69.6%
65.8%
Time to enter phrase Palm
13 s
17 s
i718 w/haptics
20 s
22 s
i718 no haptics
25 s
27 s

Mental demand, physical demand, frustration, and annoyance levels were significantly reduced on the Samsung i178 when the haptic feedback was enabled.  (NASA TLX task loading evaluation)


NASA TLX task loading evaluation
 

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